Immutable Samurai Knowledge

ETC Is the Original Chain. ETH Is a Fork. And ETHW Is a Fork of a Fork.

In September of 2022 Ethereum 1.0 (ETH) will finally merge with the Beacon chain and migrate to the Proof of Stake (POS) consensus mechanism, creating Ethereum 2.0.

Ideas for Increasing Node Count Despite Blockchain Bloat and Political Risk

I am particularly worried about initial blockchain download, bloat, and node count in proof of work (POW) blockchains, and I realize that running nodes in places where crypto is banned is a risky business.

Preventing 51% Attacks by Including Proof of Work of Every Transaction in Blocks

What if block proof of work (POW) or weight is extended to every transaction (TX) in the Merkle tree?

Why Ethereum Classic Is Bitcoin but With Smart Contracts

A blockchain is a peer-to-peer network of machines or nodes, very much like Napster, LimeWire or BitTorrent, but instead of replicating music or movie files in their nodes, they replicate a distributed ledger with…

Addressing the Future High Gas Fees in Ethereum Classic: It Is Good For High Security Use Cases

For example, in banking the “base layer” is the central bank (the Fed in the case of the US). Then, on top there is another layer, or L2, that are the banks.

Ethereum Classic Must Not Change Its Monetary Policy Unless That Is to Migrate to Bit Gold

A blockchain monetary policy determines issuance and destination, if destination is changed, as in the Treasury proposal [1], then the monetary policy is changed.

The #ETCARMY☘️ Manifesto

Why “Code Is Law” in Ethereum Classic Is Good For Humanity

In this video I explain why the “Code Is Law” motto in ETC represents a philosophy that is good for humanity because it represents the distribution of basic rights permissionlessly to everyone, regardless of any human…

Ethereum Classic Use Cases: A Business Development Roadmap

In this article I am going to list some suggestions for Ethereum Classic (ETC) developers and ecosystem participants to focus on when promoting and selling the benefits of ETC.

Ethereum Classic and the Security vs Scalability Tradeoff

It seems to me that, as blockchain scaling solutions are doing, to deconstruct an Ethereum blockchain (the Ethereum format is the standard now) into its constituent components (data, programme, execution, state, state…

Ethereum 2.0’s Success Is Ethereum Classic’s Success

Today, crypto lists like CoinMarketCap and CoinGecko show the blockchain, dapp, stablecoin, and token markets as a single list with no differentiation. This leads many to treat all blockchains and ancillary projects as…

What Is Ethereum Classic’s Contribution to the Blockchain Industry?

As the processes of technology and price discovery develop in the blockchain industry, users, investors, and developers ask: What is the function of blockchain X?; what is the value of token Y?; and who is going to…

Ethereum Classic History and Recovery

In this episode of the Ethereum Classic podcast I talk about the history of Ethereum Classic (ETC) and its recent recovery in price and hash power.

The Problem of Voting in Public Blockchains

I don’t particularly believe in the fairness or unfairness of having investors and developers having equal or proportional votes to make decisions on blockchains.

Proposal for Ethereum Classic to Use The Etherplan Consensus Engine

Below is an Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposal (ECIP) that I submitted for review by the Ethereum Classic (ETC) community. It proposes to use the The Etherplan Consensus Engine as the mechanism to decide on a portion…

Final Comments About the Ethereum Classic Proto Treasury Proposal

The Ethereum Classic (ETC) ecosystem is in the process of debating ECIP-1098 [1] [2], which is a proposal; called proto treasury, proto Ethereum Classic Treasury System, or p-ECTS for short; to establish a treasury…

How Ethereum Classic Will Surge Past $7,000 in the Next Ten Years

In the last ten months, Ethereum Classic (ETC) has been trading in a range between $4 and $8. In this article, Etherplan presents its updated thesis of why ETC will surge past $7,000 in the next ten years.

Introduction to Cryptocurrencies

The most important thing to know when learning about cryptocurrencies is their original purpose [1].

Why Ethereum Classic Should Not Adopt Modified Exponential Subjective Scoring (MESS)

This article is a response to a comment about using the Modified Exponential Subjective Scoring (MESS) system on Ethereum Classic (ETC), by Reddit user AusIV, on the Ethereum Classic sub-reddit.

Proof of Work in Nature

Proof of work technology [1] is the key component in the Bitcoin [2] Nakamoto consensus mechanism [3]. It is a computing process that requires large amounts of computing power to prove that a lot of work has been done,…

Ethereum Classic Simplicity

This article is largely a response to Charles Hoskinson’s video titled “More on ETC’s Treasury Idea” posted below:

Why Ethereum Classic Should Not Create a Treasury

In light of new reorganization attacks that caused several double spends on the network, and a subsequent discontent with development and lack of innovation, the Ethereum Classic (ETC) ecosystem is evaluating the…

Bitcoin Ungovernance Explained

There is a lot of discussion and analysis about how the supposed governance systems of secure proof of work blockchains, such as Bitcoin, work.

Why Does Ethereum Classic Have Value?

The problem that money solves is that humans have a limited mental capacity to track all relationships and economic exchanges with other humans, which makes it difficult to trust everyone regardless of the level of…

The Bitcoin Security Model Explained

The purpose of the Bitcoin (BTC) network is to avoid trusted third parties by hosting and maintaining a decentralized ledger with sound money in a peer-to-peer, fully replicated, global blockchain.

Why Proof of Work Based Nakamoto Consensus Is Secure and Complete

In a previous article I wrote why proof of stake is less secure than proof of work. In this article I am going to explain why the proof of work consensus mechanism, or better named Nakamoto consensus, invented by…

Ethereum Classic Ungovernance Explained

There is a lot of discussion and analysis about how the supposed governance systems of secure proof of work blockchains, such as Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum Classic (ETC), work.

Ethereum Classic Brand Promise, Positioning, Personality, and Communications

It all started when Ethereum started to promote “community” ethics as the way of governance and control of what is good or bad in Ethereum. This happened during theDAO crisis and debates.

The Ethereum Classic Security Model Explained

The purpose of the Ethereum Classic (ETC) network is to avoid trusted third parties by hosting and maintaining a distributed ledger with money, property, and agreements in a peer-to-peer, fully replicated, global…

Satoshi Nakamoto Mentioned Trust Minimization 14 Times in the Bitcoin White Paper

Given cypherpunk history and the clear ethos of decentralization in the Bitcoin ecosystem, it is obvious that trust minimization is the overarching purpose of the system.

The Ethereum Classic Monetary Policy Explained

When Bitcoin was released it was the result of twenty years of Libertarian and Cypherpunk work to build a form of money that would be sound, transferable over communications channels, private, and trust minimized.

Ethereum Classic Money, Property, and Agreements Explained

“Principles” may be regarded as evolved patterns of behavior that are persistent in individuals or groups, especially social animals, that resemble a sort of natural law.

The Ethereum Classic Trinity Explained

The highest purpose of blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum Classic (ETC), is trust minimization, which means to prescind of trusted third parties when managing people’s and businesses’ money, property, and…

The Ethereum Classic Ecosystem Explained

As the Ethereum Classic (ETC) ecosystem grows, it is difficult to find terms to refer or describe it. The typical ways people find to talk about it is by calling it a “community”, “friends”, or even “family”.

The Ethereum Classic Dilemma: Ethereum Parity vs Backward Compatibility

Today, October 24th, 2019, there was an Ethereum Classic (ETC) developer call to define the scope and dates of the next hard fork, Agharta. It was decided by rough consensus that the upgrade will include three EIPs…

In Banking Wealth Is Controlled by Providers, in Blockchain by Owners

There is increased talk in the blockchain industry about #DeFi or “decentralized finance”, which is enabled by systems such as Bitcoin and Ethereum Classic. However, much of that talk refers to performance, e.g.…

Why Proof of Stake Is Less Secure Than Proof of Work

A proof of work (PoW) based Nakamoto consensus blockchain as Ethereum Classic (ETC) is a subjective system of accounts, balances, and smart contracts, anchored on top of an objective physical base that uses large…

The Ethereum Classic Ideal Long Term Roadmap

As the blockchain industry organically reorganizes itself in the future into secure and performance layers, and technologies as proof of stake and channels (layer 2 or L2) connect to base layer systems (layer 1 or L1),…

On Bitcoin and Ethereum Classic Transaction Capacity

A while ago I wrote an article that compared Fedwire, the Federal Reserve’s real time gross settlements (RTGS) system, transaction volumes with Bitcoin’s capacity before and after the SegWit upgrade.

Ethereum Classic Gas System Economics Explained

One of the brilliant inventions of the Ethereum blockchain standard, which is the underlying protocol in Ethereum Classic (ETC), is the Ethereum Gas System, which solved the halting problem in secure distributed Turing…

Layer 1 Blockchains Compete With Gold, Layer 2 Systems Compete With Fiat

As the blockchain industry consolidates in the future, the prevailing systems will naturally organize themselves in what are called “layers”.

Ethereum Classic Opportunities

• Part one: Ethereum Classic Principles• Part two: Ethereum Classic Vision• Part three: Ethereum Classic Opportunities

Ethereum Classic Vision

• Part one: Ethereum Classic Principles• Part two: Ethereum Classic Vision• Part three: Ethereum Classic Opportunities

The Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposal Process Explained

Just like Bitcoin has the Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) process and Ethereum has the Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) process, Ethereum Classic has the Ethereum Classic Improvement Proposal (ECIP) process.

Ethereum Classic vs Ethereum 2.0, What Is the Difference?

Vitalik Buterin ideated Ethereum, a smart contracts blockchain, in 2013. In 2014 financing and development of the network started, and in July 30th of 2015 the network was launched.

How To Have a Vision for Ethereum Classic Without Creating a Governance Orgy

I personally have a tendency, maybe because of my past corporate career, to think about projects and startups from the top down. That is to say, I usually think from a general vision for a project, to goals, to…

The Opportunity of Productivity Apps With Ethereum Classic Smart Contracts

Since the early 1990s Nick Szabo, blockchain pioneer and father of smart contracts, has been ideating and laying out a new business reality enabled by the internet. In 1993, he wrote about the emergence of the…

What Is Ethereum Classic?

As Bitcoin is called digital gold, it could be said that Ethereum Classic is programmable digital gold.

Public Blockchains Are, and Will Always Be, Under Constant Social Attack

As I described in my human scaling model as related to blockchains, Scaling and Blockchain Governance, our individual evolutionary goals are to replicate our genes, procure food, and to obtain shelter.

Why Is Ethereum Classic Still Viable After the 51% Attacks?

This past Wednesday, June 19th of 2019, I went to the Boulder Blockchain Meetup and I was asked “Why do you think Ethereum Classic is still viable after the 51% attacks this year? Why does ETC even have value today?”.

Replication Is Not Fragmentation

This article is a response to Vitalik Buterin’s “The Meaning of Decentralization” Essay of February 6th, 2017.

The Format War, Layering, and Systemic Risk Will Define the Future Landscape of the Blockchain Industry

When looking at CoinMarketCap, there are more than 2000 cryptocurrencies listed. This situation shows that the blockchain industry is still in its early stages. This is because it is very likely that the future…

Bitcoin and Ethereum Classic Are Complementary Base Layer Systems

Ethereum Classic (ETC) is a distinct and sound decentralized computing model that does not undermine Bitcoin’s purpose in any way.

Ethereum Classic Is Philosophically the Same as Bitcoin and Technically the Same as Ethereum

When Ethereum forked away from the Ethereum Classic (ETC) mainnet, on July 20th of 2016, it was because a group of developers, miners, full node operators, investors and other independent ecosystem members made a…

Blockchains: What Some See as Toxic Others See as Security

Highly secure proof of work public blockchain social layer relations must remain defensive and unfriendly, if needed, because in systems that seek to dissolve top down leadership and governance, to uphold etiquette and…

A Bitcoin Reorganization Is Not Right or Wrong, It Is Just Extremely Difficult

A chain reorganization as Changpeng Zhao, the CEO of Binance, referred to is not either wrong or right. Bitcoin and any proof of work blockchain can be reorganized with little work within a short time window, generally…

Ethereum Is a Sports Car, Ethereum Classic Is an Armored Vehicle

This is an interview of Donald McIntyre by Omar Faridi, originally published on CryptoGlobe.

Proof of Work Has Division of Power, Proof of Stake Does Not

Yet another of the brilliant solutions, perhaps one of the most important ones, that Satoshi Nakamoto created when building Bitcoin was to solve the famous Byzantine Generals Problem in distributed systems. This means…

Bitcoin and Ethereum Classic Supply Caps Guarantee Property Rights

This article is a response to Vitalik Buterin’s comments about the “dishonesty” of projects with early on supply caps. Below I am posting his statements from the transcript on Reddit with my observations below each…

Why There Will Only Be 3 or 4 Surviving Blockchains in the Future

For a while I have been insisting that the current state in the blockchain industry, where there are so many competing platforms and systems, will not last very long, and that, in the end, very few blockchains will “win…

Model for an Ethereum and Ethereum Classic Collaboration

This article is based on a deal offered on Twitter by Virgil Griffith, Special Projects Manager of the Ethereum Foundation, where he asks Ethereum Classic (ETC) folks for a wishlist of things Ethereum (ETH) could do…

Why the Bitcoin Fee Model Will Work

This article is a rebuttal of economist and Bitcoin researcher Paul Sztorc’s essay “Security Budget in the Long Run” where he explains why he thinks Bitcoin’s fee model will not work. Following are Paul’s quotes in his…

Ethereum Classic and the Permissionless Fallacy

Recently, Ethereum Classic (ETC) has been going through several crises and controversies. Some of those involved the kind of circular problems that Nassim Nicholas Taleb mentioned in his article “The Most Intolerant…

Why Ethereum Classic Needs a Single and Unified Improvement Proposal Process

As Bitcoin’s Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) process and Ethereum’s Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) process, Ethereum Classic also has an improvement proposal process called the Ethereum Classic Improvement…

Why I Am Still Optimistic About Ethereum Classic (ETC)

In the past I have argued that if Bitcoin were to suffer a 51% attack, that would be the end of the experiment. This was in the context of Vitalik Buterin and Vlad Zamfir saying that BTC’s proof of work (PoW) security…

The Meaning of Immutability in Ethereum Classic

In my blog post “The Meaning of Blockchain Immutability” I explained immutability from the perspective of the beneficiaries, who are all people globally and their basic rights.

The Meaning of Blockchain Immutability

Since the genesis of our species and all across our history, wherever we go as humans, we use and consume resources and grow our kind by extending our families and communities all the way into future generations.

Blockchain and Basic Rights

Decentralized blockchain functionality, rules and principles guarantee basic rights, such as property and freedom of contract, globally.